One model. Four targets. Zero portability.
model.pt
PyTorch · trained once
.mlpackage
Core ML
.tflite
LiteRT
.pte
ExecuTorch QNN
.onnx
ONNX Runtime
ANE
Apple Neural Engine
iPhone · Mac
GPU
GPU delegate
generic Android
HTP
Hexagon NPU
Snapdragon only
CPU
XNNPACK
universal fallback
Each target needs its own compile step, its own quirks, its own debugging.